An increasing number of enterprises of different industries, especially large ones, are implementing and using corporate and intellectual information systems, even more firms and corporations are in the process of choosing their own system. Similar processes occur in all market economies, because business is unthinkable without management (it is simply crumble), and management is impossible without information. The amount of information needed for decision-making is extremely high, with many parameters being interdependent. Very similar enterprises, with similar starting conditions, professing the same principles of management, develop differently-one slowly collapses, the other becomes the market leader. Why? Nobody denies the role of intuition (something is simply impossible to formalize and predict) in determining how to build business-schemes, but also the role of information is exceptionally great in making business decisions. Probably, it makes sense to speak about reasonable balance of intuitive and information approaches to the decision of management problems.
Research of a number of oil-producing and processing enterprises showed that the information for the same period of time, which is presented to management by three services-financial and accounting department, bookkeeping and Planning-economic department, may differ From each other at 30-50% (it is at a large turnover!). Is it possible to speak about rational planning of use of circulating resources in conditions when the information is clearly contradictory and irrelevant? or determine what proportion of the revolving resources should be credit funds?
The construction of information models and systems on their basis allowed these enterprises to smooth the contradictions between the financial calculations of the units, to implement the principle of one-time registration of transactions, to ensure mutual linkage of these operations, eliminate errors. In fact, we managed to create a single “information mirror” that gives all the necessary information about the enterprise as a control object. The larger the enterprise, the more expensive the inefficient management costs. With the right choice, the cost of the corporate information system-it costs only in form, in fact, it is a fast payback investment.
Business Virtualization. Business strategies of the “Modern dynamic enterprise” are likely to include implementation of such projects as the implementation of customer relationship management systems and supply chain management, the organization of virtual teams Developers and professionals located in different parts of the country or even the world, centralization common support services and services, aggressive acquisition and integration of other companies. This is why business virtualization is becoming increasingly important – establishing direct relationships with customers and suppliers and concentrating primarily on those parts of business processes that directly generate incremental value.
- Increase of fixed assets loading (asset utilization)
- Increasing the value of products/services
- Sale of new products and services with additional added value
- Get additional ext. Value from the existing product portfolio
- Reducing labor costs
- Reduction of non-labour-related costs
- Reduction of the value of inventory, expenses for the maintenance of real estate, working capital, etc.
From the use of it has won those industries that are as much dependent on the processing of information. These are, for example, industries and organizations with quite complex operational and production processes, high-intensity and transaction volumes, and producing rather complex products.
IT staff training
The value of it technologies and a particular computer program is not abstract, it depends on the presence of people who are able to benefit from these technologies. Basically, such people are taken from their employees, preferably trained by specialists (although, as the experience shows, mostly users are taught). Therefore, one of the most important (if not the most important) moments of transition to work in the conditions of it implementation is training of personnel. The transition process requires a certain amount of time and money, but there will be significant gains in the future. As practice has shown, the lack of training or the absence of it leads to significant problems in design performance, which costs much more. There is data that the value of the initial cost of purchase versus the cost of maintenance is 31% versus 69%.
Usually the cost of training is not small and even very small. The project team should know all the concepts of the SOFTWARE product and the relationship between them-only then it can successfully lead the project. Unfortunately, this is played by unscrupulous suppliers: if there are no trained personnel, the specialists from the consulting firm will be more involved.
Practically in the implementation of it-technologies and, in particular, the corporate information system, a new paradigm of work is being trained. It includes new interactions, relationships, work tools, responsibilities-this is the main subjects of training.
Of course, the problems of learning are much wider than the simple acquaintance with some theoretical principles of production management and their implementation in a specific program. The training has several stages:
- Acquaintance, formation of rituals;
- Questionnaire;
- Removal of phobias;
- Creating motivations;
- Define groups;
- Formation of programs;
- conducting courses;
- Summing up.
It is no secret that the success and effectiveness of IT projects depends on the level of qualification of the personnel involved in the administration and refinement of the IT system, as well as the preparedness of the project’s final customers – managers and employees. Today the market presents two main types of corporate IT training.
The first and most common is regular training and retraining of personnel. The second is training of employees in the framework of projects on introduction of new information or engineering systems.
Balance is very important here. It is clear that regular training and retraining of IT staff and users as information systems improve is necessary. But the superficial approach and the second option should be avoided.
This, alas, is still quite common. Many companies underestimate the role of IT training in ongoing IT projects. However, this is one way to find out how well the project team worked, and to find out if employees are using all the capabilities of a running system.
Organization of electronic Office
Electronic Office (EA) is a system of automation of office activity in organizations and institutions.
The electronic office is a tool of local computer network, organized by combining separate workstations of specialists for the organization of electronic document circulation.
The following tasks are included in the office:
- Office.
- Creating reports.
- Search, enter and update information.
- scheduling.
- Exchange of information between departments of the office, between offices of one company and between different firms, etc. Dr.
In order to perform these tasks in the conditions of the organization of the electronic Office should be coordinated work between the specialists of the company, the workflow of the company should be optimized so that the formation of the document can be implemented Specialists of related departments, who provide each of their information in the relevant document positions.
For realization of the set goals the electronic office should be equipped with the necessary set of software and hardware.
The technical facilities of the electronic office include the following technical means:
- Several personal computers, which are connected by communication channels, which represent the segment of the common local area network of the enterprise.
- Printing devices.
- Means of communication to organize the exchange of information with external economic objects.
- means of copying documents and other office equipment, depending on the functional tasks, solved by experts of the EA.
- Additionally, the EA may include scanners, projection equipment for presentations, etc. Dr.
The basic software, allowing to realize office tasks, are text editors (processors), table processors, DBMS (database management systems – programs for creation and maintenance of databases), communication Programme. Office programs are used both independently and as a part of specialized STIs (integrated packages of application programs).
An integrated application software package (STI) is a series of interrelated programs that have the same interface and are unified at the document level.
Currently on the market of software products there are specialized STIs, which include basic basic programs for solving office problems. The most popular office STI include MS Office firm Microsoft and Lotus Notes company Lotus Development. Each of the office packages contains a text editor (in MS Office is Word), a tabular processor (in MS Office – Excel), and DBMS (in MS Office – Access).
STIs include interacting programs with a similar interface (similar design and similar techniques). Program interaction is performed at the document level. This means that a document developed in one program can be exported to another program in the package and modified if necessary.
Additionally, the EA may also include:
- Schedule preparation and analysis program;
- Presentation Program (demonstration graphics);
- Graphic Editor;
- Program for translating texts from one language to another, etc. Dr. The main functions of the electronic office are the formation of electronic documents and the organization of electronic document circulation in the company. At the present time new software products have appeared, allowing to organize electronic document circulation at the enterprises. Electronic Document Circulation Systems (SED) allow to form documents in electronic form, to transfer them to specialists, to create the required databases, etc. Dr.
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